As such, Manubot is a suitable foundation for next-generation preprints. Manubot webpages preserve old versions and provide a simple yet interactive interface for reading. Manubot automates many tasks, including creating the bibliography and deploying the manuscript as a webpage. Specifically, all changes to a manuscript are tracked, enabling transparency and better attribution of credit. Manubot also addresses other shortcomings of current publishing tools. Manubot adopts the workflow from open source software development, which has enabled hundreds of contributors to simultaneously develop complex codebases such as Python and Linux, and applies it to open collaborative writing. Therefore, we created a system called Manubot for writing manuscripts based on collaborative version control. Existing tools fail to scale beyond tens of authors and struggle to support iterative refinement of proposed changes. Dispersed teams of online contributors require new tools to jointly prepare manuscripts. But now the internet enables realtime open science, where project communication occurs online in a public venue and anyone is able to contribute. Previous studies have shown a functional exercise as a viable option to test informatics tools developed for use during mass casualty incidents.Utilizing a functional exercise to test new mass casualty management technology and informatics tools involves a painstaking and complex planning process however, it does allow researchers to address issues inherent in studying informatics tools for mas casualty incidents.Īuthor summary Traditionally, scholarly manuscripts have been written in private by a predefined team of collaborators. Key considerations for a functional exercise include contributors, venue, and information technology needs (ie, hardware, software, and data collection methods).Due to the nature of mass casualty incidents, testing informatics tools and technology for these incidents is challenging. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of designing, planning, and executing a functional exercise to accomplish the research objective of validating an informatics tool specifically designed to identify and triage victims of irritant gas syndrome agents.During a 3-year time frame, the research team and partners developed the Emergency Department Informatics Computational Tool and planned a functional exercise to test it using medical records data from 298 patients seen in 1 emergency department following a chlorine gas exposure in 2005.The research team learned valuable lessons throughout the planning process that will assist future researchers with developing a functional exercise to test informatics tools. The testing of informatics tools designed for use during mass casualty incidents presents a unique problem as there is no readily available population of victims or identical exposure setting. Conclusions: Our results are important to an increasing community of software engineers that employ CI practices on daily basis but may not be aware of bad practices that are eventually employed. Finally, we noted that, for the majority of the studied projects, the build is executed under the 10 minutes rule of thumb. Interestingly, very small projects (up to 1,000 lines of code) are the ones that take the longest to fix broken builds. Still, we observed that 85\% of the studied projects have at least one broken build that take more than four days to be fixed. However, some projects with very small coverage (\$sim\$4\%) were found. The average code coverage was 78\%, although Ruby projects have a higher code coverage than Java projects (86\% and 63\%, respectively). Moreover, we were able to find code coverage information for 51 projects. Results: We observed that 748 (\$sim\$60\%) projects face infrequent commits, which essentially makes the merging process harder. Method: By inspecting 1,270 open-source projects that use TravisCI, the most used CI service, we quantitatively studied how common is to use CI (1) with infrequent commits, (2) in a software project with poor test coverage, (3) with builds that stay broken for long periods, and (4) with builds that take too long to run. Aims: The goal of this paper is to make sense of how commonplace are these unhealthy continuous integration practices being employed in practice. However, the way that software engineers use these tools could lead to what we call "Continuous Integration Theater", a situation in which software engineers do not employ these tools effectively, leading to unhealthy CI practices. Several tools such as TravisCI, CircleCI, and Hudson, that implement CI practices, are commonly adopted by software engineers. Background: Continuous Integration (CI) systems are now the bedrock of several software development practices.
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